Linux File Permissions & Environment Variables – Full Quiz

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This quiz contains 20 questions covering Linux file permissions and environment variables. It helps DevOps engineers understand security, access control, and runtime configuration on Linux systems.

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Which permission allows reading a file?

r

w

x

d

The r (read) permission allows opening and viewing the contents of a file.

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Which permission allows modifying a file?

r

w

x

l

The w (write) permission grants the ability to modify, overwrite, or delete a file's content.

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Which permission allows executing a file?

r

w

x

d

The x (execute) permission allows a file to be run as a program or script.

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In file permissions, what does the first character - indicate?

Regular file

Directory

Link

Device

In the ls -l output, a hyphen - as the first character indicates a standard file.

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What does the permission string drwxr-xr-x represent?

File

Directory

Link

Socket

The leading d indicates that the item is a directory.

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Which numeric value represents read permission?

4

2

1

7

In the octal permission notation, 4 stands for read permission.

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Which numeric value represents write permission?

4

2

1

6

In the octal permission notation, 2 stands for write permission.

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Which numeric value represents execute permission?

4

2

1

5

In the octal permission notation, 1 stands for execute permission.

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What does chmod 600 file.txt mean?

Owner has read/write, others have no access

Everyone has full access

Owner has execute permission

Group has read permission

600 means User: rw- (4+2=6), Group: --- (0), Others: --- (0).

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What does chmod 755 file.sh allow?

Owner only access

Owner full, others read/execute

Group full access

Everyone write access

755 means User: rwx (7), Group: r-x (5), Others: r-x (5).

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Which command changes file ownership?

chmod

chown

chgrp

owner

The chown (change owner) command is used to change the file owner and group.

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Which command changes only the group ownership?

chown

chgrp

chmod

usermod

chgrp is specifically designed to change the group ownership of a file or directory.

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Which option with chown applies ownership recursively?

-f

-R

-a

-p

The -R flag applies the ownership change to the directory and all files/subdirectories inside it.

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Which command prints all environment variables?

env

echo

pwd

export

The env command (or printenv) lists all current environment variables.

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Which command prints a single environment variable?

env

echo $VAR

print

set

Using echo with $VARIABLE_NAME prints the value of that specific variable.

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Which command exports a shell variable to child processes?

set

export

env

source

The export command makes a variable available to child processes created from the shell.

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Which file permission allows entering a directory?

r

w

x

d

The execute (x) permission on a directory is required to cd into it or access files within it.

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Which command displays environment variables in key=value format?

printenv

env -a

export

set

printenv prints the values of the specified environment variables or all of them if no name is specified.

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Which command is used to view the current PATH?

env PATH

echo $PATH

print PATH

show PATH

echo $PATH displays the list of directories that the shell searches for executable files.

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Which permission setting prevents others from accessing a file?

600

644

755

777

600 gives read/write to the owner and no permissions (0) to group and others, effectively blocking access.

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