Deploy to Multiple Environments

In this tutorial, we will create a Jenkins declarative pipeline that builds a Java application using Maven and deploys it to three different Tomcat environments: Dev, QA, and Prod.

Jenkinsfile

Here is the complete Jenkinsfile. You can find the source code in the GitHub repository.

pipeline {
  agent any
  options {
    disableConcurrentBuilds()
    disableResume()
    buildDiscarder(logRotator(numToKeepStr: '10'))
    timeout(time: 1, unit: 'HOURS')
  }
  tools {
    maven 'maven-3.6.3' 
  }
  stages {
    stage ('Build') {
      steps {
        sh 'mvn clean package'
      }
    }
    stage ('Deploy to Dev') {
      steps {
        script {
          deploy adapters: [tomcat9(credentialsId: 'tomcat_credential', path: '', url: 'http://20.197.20.20:8080')], contextPath: '/helloworld', onFailure: false, war: 'webapp/target/*.war' 
        }
      }
    }
    stage ('Deploy to Qa') {
      steps {
        script {
          deploy adapters: [tomcat9(credentialsId: 'tomcat-credential', path: '', url: 'http://20.197.20.30:8080')], contextPath: '/helloworld', onFailure: false, war: 'target/hello-world-*.war'
        }
      }
    }
    stage ('Deploy to Prod') {
      steps {
        script {
          deploy adapters: [tomcat9(credentialsId: 'tomcat-credential', path: '', url: 'http://20.197.20.178:8080')], contextPath: '/helloworld', onFailure: false, war: 'target/hello-world-*.war'
        }
      }
    }
  }
  post {
    always {
      deleteDir()
    }
  }
}

Explanation

Options

The options block contains pipeline-specific configurations:

• disableConcurrentBuilds(): Prevents multiple builds of the same project from running simultaneously.
• disableResume(): Disables the ability to resume a build if the controller restarts.
• buildDiscarder(logRotator(numToKeepStr: '10')): Keeps only the last 10 build logs to save disk space.
• timeout(time: 1, unit: 'HOURS'): Aborts the build if it takes longer than 1 hour.

Stages

The pipeline is divided into sequential stages:

1. Build: Compiles the Java project using mvn clean package.
2. Deploy to Dev: Deploys the generated WAR file to the Development Tomcat server (20.197.20.20).
3. Deploy to Qa: Deploys to the QA Tomcat server (20.197.20.30).
4. Deploy to Prod: Deploys to the Production Tomcat server (20.197.20.178).

Each deploy stage uses the deploy step (from the "Deploy to container" plugin) with specific Tomcat credentials and URLs.

Post Actions

The post block with always ensures that deleteDir() is called after the pipeline finishes (whether successful or not), cleaning up the workspace.

Reference

• Jenkins Pipeline Options
• Deploy to container Plugin

Important Tips

Tip

Sequential Execution: By default, stages run sequentially. If one stage fails (e.g., Deploy to Dev), the subsequent stages (QA, Prod) will not run, which is the desired behavior for a promotion pipeline.

Note

Workspace Cleanup: The deleteDir() step in the always block is crucial. Without it, your Jenkins workspace can fill up with old artifacts and build files, potentially causing disk space issues.

Quick Quiz

#

In a declarative pipeline, how are stages executed by default?

Sequentially

In parallel

Randomly

Reverse order

Unless parallel is explicitly used, stages in a declarative pipeline are executed one after another in the order they are defined.

#

Which options directive limits the total time a build can run before being aborted?

timeout

limit

duration

wait

The timeout(time: ..., unit: ...) option ensures that a build doesn't hang indefinitely by terminating it after the specified duration.

#

What is the purpose of the post { always { ... } } block?

To execute steps regardless of the build's success or failure (e.g., cleanup)

To run steps only if the build succeeds

To run steps only if the build fails

To run steps before the build starts

The always condition in the post section guarantees that its steps (like deleteDir()) run at the end of the pipeline run, no matter what happened during the build.

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