pwd
To check the current working directory
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ pwd
/home/opc
NOTE: In linux operating system, folder is also called as directory
ls
To show the files and folders in current working directory in horizontal view
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ ls
first-project hello.txt shellscript swapfile
ls -l
To show the files and folders in current working directory in vertical view
And also shows the details of each file and folder
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ ls -l
total 3072004
drwxrwxr-x. 3 opc opc 65 May 18 12:50 first-project
-rw-rw-r--. 1 opc opc 14 Jun 18 03:53 hello.txt
drwxrwxr-x. 5 opc opc 70 May 13 12:56 shellscript
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3145728000 Jan 11 2022 swapfile
ls -la
To show the normal files, folders and also hidden files, folders in current working directory in vertical view
In a linux hidden file or folder starts with .
.file_name –> hidden file
.folder_name –> hidden folder
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ ls -la
total 3072060
drwxr-x---. 12 opc opc 4096 Jun 18 03:54 .
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 32 Apr 13 12:25 ..
-rw-------. 1 opc opc 18412 Jun 15 12:46 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--. 1 opc opc 18 Nov 22 2019 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 opc opc 193 Nov 22 2019 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 opc opc 232 Apr 15 13:02 .bashrc
drwxrwxr-x. 4 opc opc 30 Nov 26 2021 .cache
drwxrwxr-x. 4 opc opc 30 Nov 26 2021 .config
drwxrwxr-x. 4 opc opc 82 Jan 11 2022 .docker
drwxrwxr-x. 3 opc opc 65 May 18 12:50 first-project
-rw-rw-r--. 1 opc opc 57 May 18 12:42 .gitconfig
-rw-rw-r--. 1 opc opc 14 Jun 18 03:53 hello.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 opc opc 172 Apr 2 2020 .kshrc
drwxr-xr-x. 3 opc docker 33 Jul 4 2021 .kube
drwxrwxr-x. 3 opc opc 24 May 7 03:40 .m2
drwxrw----. 3 opc opc 19 Jul 4 2021 .pki
drwxrwxr-x. 5 opc opc 70 May 13 12:56 shellscript
drwx------. 2 opc opc 80 May 26 2022 .ssh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3145728000 Jan 11 2022 swapfile
drwxr-xr-x. 2 opc opc 24 May 8 12:30 .vim
-rw-------. 1 opc opc 9145 May 18 12:41 .viminfo
cd
To go to another folder
cd folder_name
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ pwd
/home/opc
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ ls -l
total 3072004
drwxrwxr-x. 3 opc opc 65 May 18 12:50 first-project
-rw-rw-r--. 1 opc opc 14 Jun 18 03:53 hello.txt
drwxrwxr-x. 5 opc opc 70 May 13 12:56 shellscript
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3145728000 Jan 11 2022 swapfile
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ cd first-project/
[opc@new-k8s first-project]$ pwd
/home/opc/first-project
[opc@new-k8s first-project]$ ll
total 12
-rw-rw-r--. 1 opc opc 31 May 18 12:50 2.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 opc opc 21 May 18 12:40 hello.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 opc opc 30 May 18 12:40 README.md
Relative path
Need to tell the path/folder name only from the current directory. No need to tell from starting point
We are currently in /home/opc
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ pwd
/home/opc
If you want to go to /home/opc/first-project
you can just pass only the first-project
folder name to cd
command to go to that folder
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ cd first-project
[opc@new-k8s first-project]$ pwd
/home/opc/first-project
Absolute path
Absolute path means you need to give the full path from starting point
We are currently in /home/opc
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ pwd
/home/opc
If you want to go to /home/opc/first-project
you have to pass the full path /home/opc/first-project
to the cd
command to go to that folder
[opc@new-k8s ~]$ cd /home/opc/first-project
[opc@new-k8s first-project]$ pwd
/home/opc/first-project
To print/read content of a file
ubuntu@manikandan:~$ cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="22.04"
VERSION="22.04.2 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)"
VERSION_CODENAME=jammy
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=jammy
Abbreviation
pwd –> print working directory
cd –> change directory
cat –> concatenate
Commands
pwd –> To check current working directory
ls –> To check the files and folders present in current directory in horizontal view
ls -l –> To check the files and folders present in current directory in vertical view
ls -la –> To check the files, folders and also hidden files, folders present in current directory in vertical view
ll –> To check the files, folders and also hidden files, folders present in current directory in vertical view (Alias of ls -la)
cd –> To change the directory
cat –> To print the content of a file
Tasks
Check the current folder name
Check the files and folders present in current directory
Check the normal files, folders and also hidden files in current directory
Go to
/etc/ssh
folder and verify you are in/etc/ssh
folderCheck the files present in the folder.
Go to
/tmp
folder and verify you are in/tmp
folderCheck whether hidden files, folders are present or not
Go to
/etc
folder and verify you are in/etc
folderCheck
os-release
file is present or notPrint the content of
os-release
file